“I am alarmed by reports that areas around villages and cultural sites are being struck by fighter jets, drones, and artillery,” he said.

“Under international humanitarian law, it is very clear that protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure is paramount.”

Renewed fighting

Since fighting reignited on 7 December, Cambodia has reported 18 civilian fatalities, while Thailand has reported one civilian death.

Strikes have increasingly been reported further from the border and into each other’s territories.

The development comes after intensifying border clashes between the two countries over the summer that were the most serious escalation in a decade.

To date, some 750,000 people have fled their homes, said Mr. Türk.

Exposed to further risk

Casino complexes and suspected scam centres in Cambodia have reportedly been hit.

In O’smach, a town in northwestern Cambodia, an air strike on 8 December killed one civilian and injured two others, according to a survivor.

Many trafficked foreign nationals forced to work in such scam operations are now at greater risk from the fighting, the High Commissioner warned, urging their evacuation.

“Ensuring the safety of civilians and enabling their safe return home is vital,” Mr. Türk said.

Return to peace

He urged the sides to end the fighting and return to dialogue.

“Thailand and Cambodia have built a strong foundation of cooperation over many years, rooted in shared history and values, including their commitment to human rights,” he noted.

“This conflict stands in stark contrast to that legacy of partnership. Both nations have the tools and the ties to chart a path back to dialogue and lasting peace.”