Four and a half months after the fall of the Assad regime, the interim authorities have begun taking formal steps towards political reform, the Security Council heard on Friday.

These include the formation of a broader, more diverse cabinet and initial plans to establish an interim People’s Assembly.

However, the process remains tenuous and incomplete, with many Syrians uncertain of their role in the country’s future.

Grave consequences of failure

“The challenges are huge, and the situation is extremely fragile,” UN Special Envoy for Syria Geir Pedersen told ambassadors.

“There is a need for much more political inclusion – and for much more economic action. With a sea-change on both these elements, the political transition in Syria can succeed. Without both, it likely will not – and the consequences would be grave.”

In his briefing, Mr. Pedersen emphasised that Syria’s new leadership must broaden political participation and enact measures that address deep-seated grievances, particularly after the March violence against mainly ethnic Alawite communities in their coastal stronghold.

Aid programmes risk closure

Meanwhile, the humanitarian situation remains dire. Over 70 percent of the population is in need of aid and more than half face food insecurity.

Despite some local improvements, especially in parts of Aleppo and the northeast, humanitarians warn that funding shortfalls are threatening life-saving operations.

Joyce Msuya, UN Assistant Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, underscored that “we need more funding to sustain this work, let alone scale it further.”

She noted that to date, less than 10 per cent of the funds required for relief efforts for the first half of 2025 have been received.

Hospitals, food distribution and essential services are at risk of collapse without immediate support, she warned.

Syria’s new flag raised at UN

Earlier in the day, Syria’s new flag was raised alongside those of other Member States at UN Headquarters, as supporters gathered on Manhattan’s First Avenue.

The new three-starred flag – one more than the Assad-era banner - was used by groups opposing the old regime and its forces.

More to follow...