Global IssuesThe U.N. at 70: United Nations Disappoints on Its 70th Anniversary - Part Two
NEW YORK, Jun 25 (IPS) - While member states, weakened in the neoliberal era, have pulled back from the U.N. and cut its budgets, a charity mentality has arisen at the world body. Corporations and the mega-rich have flocked to take advantage of the opportunity. They have looked for a quietly commanding role in the organisation's political process and hoped to shape the institution to their own priorities.
Courtesy of Global Policy Forum
The U.N. Global Compact, formed by Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1999-2000 to promote corporate "responsibility," was the first sign that the U.N. as an institution was beginning to work with the corporations and listen closely to them.
Critics point out that the corporations were getting branding benefits and considerable influence without any serious change in their behaviour, but the U.N. was happy to lend its prestige in exchange for proximity to the czars of the global economy.
The World Economic Forum, organisers of the Davos conferences, soon afterwards installed conferencing screens, disguised as picture frames, in the offices of top U.N. officials, so that corporate chieftains could have a spontaneous chat with their counterparts at the world body.3
By that time, it was clear that Ted Turner's dramatic donation of a billion dollars to the U.N. in 1997 was not a quirky, one-off gesture but an early sign that the U.N. was a target of Big Money. Today, the U.N. is riddled with "public-private partnerships" and cozy relations with the corporate world. Pepsico and BP are hailed as "partners." Policy options have shifted accordingly.
As corporate voices have amplified at the United Nations, citizen voices have grown considerably weaker. The great global conferences, organised with such enthusiasm in the 1990s on topics like the environment, women's rights, and social development, attracted thousands of NGO representatives, journalists, and leaders of grassroots movements.
Broad consultation produced progressive and even inspiring policy statements from the governments. Washington in particular was unhappy about the spectacle of citizen involvement in the great matters of state and it opposed deviations from neo-liberal orthodoxies.
In the new century, the U.S. warned that it would no longer pay for what it said were useless extravaganzas. The U.N. leadership had to shut down, downsize or otherwise minimise the conference process, substituting "dialog" with carefully-chosen interlocutors.
The most powerful governments have protected their domination of the policy process by moving key discussions away from the U.N. entirely to "alternative venues" for invitation-only participation. The G-7 meetings were an early sign of this trend.
Later came the G-20, as well as private initiatives with corporate participation such as the World Economic Forum. Today, mainstream thinkers often argue that the U.N. is not really a place of legislative decisions but rather one venue among others for discussion and coordination among international "stakeholders."
The U.N. itself, in its soul-searching, asks about its "comparative advantage," in contrast to these other events – as if public policy institutions must respond to "free market" principles. This race to the bottom by the U.N. is exceedingly dangerous.
Unlike the other venues, the U.N. is a permanent institution, with law-making capacity, means of implementation and a "universal" membership. It can and should act somewhat like a government, and it must be far more than a debating society or a place where secret deals are made. For all the hype about "democracy" in the world, the mighty have paid little attention to this most urgent democratic deficit.
Though the U.N. landscape is generally that of weakness and lack of action, there is one organ that is quite robust and active – the Security Council. It meets almost continuously and acts on many of the world's most contentious security issues.
Unfortunately, however, the Council is a deeply-flawed and even despotic institution, dominated by the five Permanent Members and in practice run almost exclusively by the US and the UK (the "P-2" in U.N. parlance). The ten Elected Members, chosen for two-year terms, have little influence (and usually little zest to challenge the status quo).
Many observers see the Council as a power monopoly that produces scant peace and little enduring security. When lesser Council members have tried to check the war-making plans of Washington and London, as they surprisingly did in the 2003 Iraq War debates, their decisions have been ignored and humiliated.
In terms of international law, the U.N.'s record has many setbacks, but there have been some bright spots. The nations have negotiated significant new treaties under U.N. auspices, including major human rights documents, the Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Conventions on the Rights of the Child, the Rights of Women and the Rights of the Disabled.
The Montreal Protocol has successfully reduced the release of CFC gasses and addressed the dangerous hole in the earth's ozone layer. But the treaty bodies tasked with enforcement are often weak and unable to promote compliance.
Powerful states tend to flout international law regularly and with impunity, including treaty principles once considered inviolable like the ban on torture. International law, the purview of the U.N., is frequently abused as a tool of states' propaganda, to be invoked against opponents and enemies.
Legal scholars question the usefulness of these "norms" with so little enforcement. This is a disturbing problem, producing cynicism and eating at the heart of the U.N. system.
The U.N. may not have solved the centuries-old conundrum of international law, but it has produced some good thinking about "development" and human well-being.
The famous Human Development Report is a case in point and there are a number of creative U.N. research programmes such as the U.N. Research Institute for Social Development, the U.N. University, and the World Institute for Development Economic Research. They have produced creative and influential reports and shaped policies in good directions.
Unfortunately, many excellent U.N. intellectual initiatives have been shut down for transgressing powerful interests. In 1993, the Secretary-General closed the innovative Center on Transnational Corporations, which investigated corporate behaviour and economic malfeasance at the international level.
Threats from the U.S. Congress forced the Office of Development Studies at UNDP to suddenly and ignominiously abandonment its project on global taxes. Financial and political pressures also have blunted the originality and vitality of the Human Development Report. Among the research institutions, budgets have regularly been cut and research outsourced. Creative thinkers have drifted away.
Clearly, the U.N.'s seventieth anniversary does not justify self-congratulation or even a credible argument that the "glass is half full." Though many U.N. agencies, funds and programmes like UNICEF and the World Health Organisation carry out important and indispensable work, the trajectory of the U.N. as a whole is not encouraging and the shrinking financial base is cause for great concern.
As climate change gathers force in the immediate future, setting off mass migration, political instability, violence and even food supply failure, there will be increasing calls for action among the world's people.
The public may even demand a stronger U.N. that can carry out emergency measures. It's hard, though, to imagine the U.N. taking up great new responsibilities without a massive and possibly lengthy overhaul.
Rather than waiting for disaster to arrive in full force, citizens should demand now a functional, effective and strong world body, democratic and proactive, protecting the environment, advancing peace, and working in the people's interest.
Edited by Kitty Stapp
Part One of this article can be found here.
© Inter Press Service (2015) — All Rights ReservedOriginal source: Inter Press Service